可以前面提到的方法,将此单选题变形为4个判断题:
题目A
Children who are bullied are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.
题目B
Children who are bullied find it more difficult to relate to adults.
题目C
Children who are bullied are more likely to be violent in later life.
题目D
Children who are bullied may have difficulty forming relationships in late life.
接下来,对应原文,按判断题的方法进行解题。
题目A
Children who are bullied are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average
[要素一] Children who are bullied (要素一为题干,定位点)
[要素二] likely to commit suicide可能自杀
[要素三] twice as …… as the average person 是普通人的两倍
原文A:
Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make [要素一] the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even [要素二] lead to suicide, though this is thankfully[要素三] rare.
分析:题目A要素一,二齐全,但要素三twice(两倍)与原文rare (很少)无关,因为发生得少可能是普通人两倍,也可能不是,判定为NOT GIVEN,A选项排除。
题目B
Children who are bullied find it more difficult to relate to adults.
[要素一] Children who are bullied (要素一为题干,定位点)
[要素二] relate to adults难以理解并沟通成年人
原文B:
[要素一] Victimised pupils are [要素二] more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships [要素三] as adults…
分析:要素一和二都能对应,但题目要素三to adults(跟成年人) 与原文要素三as adults (作为成年人)意思无关,属于NOT GIVEN,选项B排除。
题目C
Children who are bullied are more likely to be violent in later life.
[要素一] Children who are bullied (要素一为题干,定位点)
[要素二] more likely to be violent更易变得有暴力倾向
[要素三] in later life将来,在以后的生活中
分析:题目c中要素一Children who are bully(被欺负的孩子)与原文Children who.. bully(欺负人的孩子)不一致,即要素一没有,这样的话,即使要素二more likely to be violent等于原文要素二are more likely to …be physically violent, 要素三 in later life 对应原文中的grow up to,答案依然是NOT GIVEN, 选项C排除。
题目D
Children who are bullied may have difficulty forming relationships in late life.
[要素一] Children who are bullied (要素一为题干,定位点)
[要素二] 难以与人建立关系 have difficulty forming relationships
[要素三] 将来,在以后的生活中 in later life
题目D与题目B定位到同一句话:
原文D&B:
[要素一] Victimised pupils are [要素二] more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships [要素三] as adults…
分析:要素一Children who are bullied对应原文Victimised pupils,要素二have difficulty forming relationships对应原文more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships,但题目要素三in later life(在以后的生活中) 对应原文as adults (作为成年人,即小孩长大成人以后),三个要素都一致,判定为TRUE, 因此答案选D。
小结:
根据上面的分析,大家可以看到单选题题干跟选项合并的话,就等同于四个判断题,因此它们的特点与解题方式从本质上是相同的。
通常,4个选项中会有原文没提到的(无法定位,NOT GIVEN),跟原文相冲突的(一般是要素二相反,含否定词或反义词;也可以是要素三相排斥,即原因不同,目的不同,程度不同等,为FALSE或NO),跟原文约等的(要素一,二,三都一致,TRUE或YES)。要特别小心这样一类选项,即选项本身跟原文是一致的,选项中的谓语(要素二)和补充条件(要素三)在原文中都有,容易误判为选项(TRUE), 但选项在原文所在句子的主语(要素一)与题目本身的题干(要素一)无关,其实属于主语缺失的NOT GIVEN。
五、句子配对 V.S. 单选题:你中有我,我中有你
囿于篇幅,句子配对(matching sentence endings)与单选题(multiple choice with single answer)的关系笔者只做个简要的说明,就不进行解题分析了。
示例:
24 One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to
25 Because of the language they have developed, humans
26 Individual responses to humour
27 Peter Derks believes that humour
A react to their own thoughts. B helped create language in humans. C respond instantly to whatever is happening. D may provide valuable information about the operation of the brain. E cope with difficult situations. F relate to a person’s subjective views. G led our ancestors to smile and then laugh. |
六、结论:求同存异,化繁为简
最后,希望通过以上的堪称冗长的分析,大家能看出并充分理解笔者想表达的观点,即雅思阅读题型虽多,但各个题型之间却有着千丝万缕的联系,如果我们从词汇,句子,段落等语言的本质上进行进行对比分析,再结合题目的特点、形式以及考察重点,加以归类简化,就能在指导考生备考时不走弯路,不做无用功,简洁高效,事半功倍。
(编辑:罗伟)