要素一data没有,修饰成分natural resources出现,起干扰作用,要素二been collected完全没出现,要素三since 1972出现,全题属于要素缺失,答案为NOT GIVEN。
举例三:C7T3P3Q28
题目:Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community.
要素一:Problems (in Nordic countries,介词短语,修饰problems)
要素二:were excluded
要素三:because they are outside the European Economic Community (补充说明原因)
原文三:
Their initial task was to decide which of the[要素一] many forest problems of concern to Europe involved the largest number of countries and might be the subject of joint action. [要素一] Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries [暗示要素三]therefore [要素二] had to be discarded.
此题中,要素一problems通过those(指代词,指代对象在前面)一词定位到前一句,要素一中的修饰成分in Nordic countries在those后面直接出现,要素二were excluded与文中be discarded属于同义替换,而要素三补充了事情发生的原因,是由于outside the EEC,文章中therefore(因此,所以,原因+therefore+结果)暗示原因在前面,文章前面原因是confined to particular geographical areas, 文章原因与题目原因相排斥,答案为FALSE。
小结:结合前面几个题目的分析,大家不难发现,雅思阅读中的大部分判断题都可以按句子结构以三要素的方式划分成多个信息点,这样就变成了多个定位点加一个考点的理解方式,有助于学生从大量的信息中化繁为简,集中关注其中一个信息点,从而轻松解题。
四、单选题 V.S. 判断题:同根同源,青出于蓝
从形式上讲,单选题的题干可以分为两种:整句(a question)和半句(the first half of a sentence),其中半句题占大多数。根据前面提到的三要素分析法,半句式的选择题题干和选项通常可以分为:题干为要素一,选项为要素二;题干为要素一和二,选项为要素三。解题时,题干中的要素一,二作为定位点,而选项则是考点。
于是,单选题就变成了判断题,4个选项就相当于4个判断题(一个TRUE, 三个FALSE或NOT GIVEN)。
举例如下:C6T4P3Q32
[特别提醒: 为了加大题目难度,体现出用判断题方法解单选题的优越性,笔者将C选项中的less likely to改为了more likely to]
题目:
Children who are bullied
A are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.
B find it more difficult to relate to adults.
C are more likely to be violent in later life.
D may have difficulty forming relationships in late life.
原文:
B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.