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1.The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem? (20220813)
Sample answer：
Most of the 20th century has been a development on the industrial manufacture taken to an extreme: people now own more products than ever before. However, this has been causing massive amounts of pollution with more resources exploited, more waste out of production, shorter life-span of these goods. As this situation is getting urgent, certain measures should be introduced for human beings and future generations.
The production and the use of these goods both contribute to the damage to the nature. The former process requires natural resources for which large-scale mining and transportation are usually involved and meanwhile the vegetation is dug up and animal habitats are taken up. What is worse, when raw materials are processed in factories, due to the expenditure and limit of technology, unwanted byproducts like toxic gases and pollutants are emitted. When it comes to consumers, enterprises seemed destined to upgrade the models to appeal to continuous consumption so that their profits and competence could be confirmed. Unfortunately, this accelerates the rate of customers getting rid of their obsolete gadgets for the sake of the latest models, generating enormous sums of garbage awaiting to be recycled or buried in landfill sites, which either entails more energy in recycling or contaminates the lands.
According to the analysis aforementioned, solutions can be proposed concerning both the technical restrictions of production and people’s concepts on consumption. In order to minimize the pollution in fabricating process, not only should the government introduce laws and regulations to force mining and factories, but more advanced and inexpensive technologies to reduce industrial waste should be developed and promoted as well. In regard to consumption, despite the fact that buying stimulates economy, what governors are supposed to prioritize is to call upon morality and devotion to environmental protection to a degree that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In that case, people may upgrade their technological device more rationally and are willing to classify the garbage, facilitate recycling and reuse of them.
In conclusion, as the damage to environment is out of both producing and consuming sections, tackling the demand and supply respectively seems to be reasonable in alleviate the problem.
2.Many people continue to use cars and motorcycles even though they know that they are bad for the environment. Why is this? What can be done to reduce the use of these vehicles? (20220528)
Sample answer：
Thanks to the promotion of government, environmental groups and activists, more people are becoming aware of the fact that continuous use of private vehicles has caused detrimental effects on environment such as global warming and exhaust gas pollution. However, drivers and passengers still frequently use automobiles and motorcycles for several reasons.
The necessity of traveling and insignificance of personal efforts decide that inconsistency of behavior and awareness. For urban commuters, cars and motorbikes are the most efficient and reliable among means of transport, in which cycling, walking and public transportation are included. To be specific, environmental-friendly as it is to travel by bike or on foot, both approaches are so range limited and physically demanding that few people, particularly in today’s metropolises, can adopt them for daily commuting; similarly, if they can afford the expenses, they will set higher priority to driving than taking a bus or the subway in order to enjoy the non-stop traveling experience, comfortable and flexible. What is worse, he who halted the use of its own vehicle would soon find it meaningless as all his efforts are quite minor and difficult to notice even by himself when millions of others are still following the old way.
If the reduction of car use were to be generalized, a couple of changes would have to be made. One of the more urgent change is the network of public transport. It has to be optimized by which passengers can experience better service with excellent surroundings, reasonable station settings and frequent departures. Only through this will more citizens set prior preference over their own motors. The other alternative is to advance and promote the use of electric cars since its power can obtain from hydro-plants, solar panel and other renewable sources.
In conclusion, it is not practicable in reducing the use of cars that people sacrifice their comfort and needs of traveling. Instead, it is city planners and automakers who are able to make the decline happen when certain measures can be taken.
3.With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people are looking for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas? (20220625)
Sample answer：
Increasing population and modern city life lead to shortage of natural resources such as fresh water, metal, oil and gas. While some people support to exploit such resources in isolated sites, in my opinion, that would bring some more negative effects than benefits to those places.
It is admitted that massive drawbacks exist. To begin with, local ecosystem would be destroyed because loads of factories and human beings would emerge into these remote spots, leading to the situation that people would cut down trees and remove grass land so as to clear space for machines and accommodation for workers. For instance, oil exploration in the Arabian sea by Indian government led to the sharp decline in the aquatic life due to heightened water pollution. As a consequence, a lot of species are on the verge of extinction. In addition, exploitation of oil and gas also posts threats to local creatures. Animals not only loss their habitats, but also are impacted by the process of oil drilling. Therefore, natural circumstance of such areas can easily be ruined by human exploitation.
On the other hand, finding more resources in untouched places could ease the pressure of resource demand, which guarantees factories with enough raw materials to operate machines and produce commodities. Compared with cities, exploiting in such sites could reduce the influence in terms of industrial pollution on human's daily life. Also, there are huge economic benefits associated with this approach. For example, petroleum and gas are among the highly sought commodities around the globe today due to their dependence on energy production. As a result, many countries make a lot of money by exporting them to countries lack of energy.
In conclusion, with the consideration of local environment and ecosystem, seeking for oil and gas in remote places has more disadvantages than benefits, both short-term and long-term.
