1.10 假设
If
If its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.
Given/provided/providing+名词/that 从句, 考虑到、假如
You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.
It’s a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providing you do it well.
Only if,唯有,唯一的条件是
The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released.
On condition that,以。。。为前提,只有
Should 用于状语从句,表示“万一”,用法与if类似,可以在主句前,也可以在主句后;从句动词用原型。
This switch can be used to disengage the autopilot system should a malfunction occur in the system.
Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
1.11 解释,转述
In other words,
Prosperity matters, in other words, because it contributes to our welfare.
That is, that is to say,
i.e.
Namely
Some groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.
Mean that
1.12 并列
And
A as well as B, 强调as前的名词或者形容词A, 不仅B,而且A
We must learn to look at problems all-sidedly,seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side of things. 强调要看到reverse即反面
not only A, but also B, 不同上,强调后面B,不仅A,而且B
He is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesman than a scholar=He is not only a scholar but also a statesman.
and...A...as well. 则强调A