何为英式发音?
如果你是个电视剧迷,那么你一定不会陌生于“英剧”和“美剧”这两个词。两种电视剧中人物外形并无大差别,各色头发,各色瞳孔,各色皮肤,各色行径。而不难发现,如若观看原版,两种剧中人物纵然皆说英文,却在发音上有着极大区别。
从历史上来看,美国曾属英国殖民地,这个来自大西洋彼岸的国度,却较之于英国,有着更具开拓的精神与气质。这种异同,体现在语音上,则形成了英美发音和口语表达的各为独特的魅力。纵然诸位经常可见在各类脱口秀节目中,代表美语立场的美国人,和忠诚英音至上的英国人常因口音问题彼此戏谑笑骂,甚至相互诟病,而究竟哪种发音更加令人听来愉悦,却见仁见智。
诸位小主先别急着舔屏,其实,不管是英音所谓更加聪明,美语听来更加顺畅,雅思毕竟是一场英联邦的考试,听力和口语对于英音的引入亦不可避免。因而,了解英音的发音规则以及英美音的差别便实为重要。
诸位小主有所不知,具了解,英国的口音存在着地域性和多样性,仅在英国,便有近70余种不同的口音,而RP(received pronunciation)则被公认为最标准的英式发音,以下,笔者个人总结了一些英美音发音的区别,来让诸位小主更加清楚地识别出英音的发音规则。
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDUzMDg2MTE2.html?from=y1.2-1-87.3.1-1.1-1-1-0-0
(视频:BBC 英音教材视频)
雅思口语招式一:去掉“儿化音”
美语中的“r”在发音中一如北京方言中的儿化音,听来顽皮而闲适,而在英音中,往往这种儿化音要统统去掉,而变得更加中规中矩。
试试发以下的单词:
Water
Better
Farmer
Fluffer
Word
World
雅思口语招式二:张口音 “o”化
美语中往往将音标为[ɒ] 的音读成开口音的[ɑ],而这些音在英音中,都要规矩地读回“凹“的音。
试试发以下的单词:
Not
Knock
Block
Blossom
雅思口语招式三:长音&连读
英音中的连读可以达到一种出神入化的地步,除了辅元相连,英音中往往以元音发音结尾连接元音开头的词间亦有习惯加上[r]来进行连接。
而往往在一些表程度或修辞的,以张口元音开头的词汇上,英音会用适时的停顿和拉长来加重这个单词的发音。
试着读以下句子
A farmer who lived in a small village……
You only trouble is that(注意将only 拉长,并将trouble 和is连读)
雅思口语招式四:tory & tary 都读[tri]
此招式太过简单,点到即可。
雅思口语招式五:[t]音加重
英音中一个明显的特点是,遇到发音为清辅音[t]的读音时往往要着重发音,甚至发成类似汉语拼音中的“qi“音。
试着读以下的单词:
Beauty
Pretty
Better
Barter
Variety
雅思口语招式六:抑扬顿挫
发美音时,由于美国人的情感直接,热情洋溢,往往在整体读音上更加多变而婉转,然而,英音的发音却是更加沉稳而注重抑扬顿挫的。
雅思口语收招:长篇练习
试着读一下文章,并附上笔者领读音频,诚祝诸位小主攻无不克,战无不胜。
Gretel comes from Austria. She is eighteen years old. She is going to stay with the Clark family for a year. Gretel has come to England because she wants to improve her English. She works as an au pair girl. She helps Mrs Clark in the house and attends English classes regularly in her spare time.
Gretel hasn' t been in England long and everything is strange to her. She often compares life in London with life in Vienna. Some things are nicer in London; other things are not so nice. For instance, the shops are bigger in London than in Vienna and there is greater variety. But it's more expensive to enjoy yourself in London. It's expensive to have a meal at a restaurant or to go to a theatre.
Gretel has got used to many things already, but she can't get used to breakfast in England. "You English eat so much in the morning," she often says. "Fruit juice, porridge, bacon and egg, tea, toast and marmalade! How can you face all that food so early in the day?"
作者简介:王硕实,新东方沈阳学校雅思讲师。主讲雅思口语,雅思VIP,英澳直通车。教学理念:我坚信,让学生打开视野看到世界的从不是金钱,而是知识,我也愿意,用我所了解的知识带学生享受语言的世界。相信与我共同走过的学生不仅会收获成绩,更加会收获智慧结晶的成就感。
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(编辑:秦洁)