1. 环境类

　　1). Individuals Vs Government/Company个人与政府或公司关系

　　It is only the government that has the force to stop factories from polluting rivers and contaminating soil. Also, the government can offer an enormous amount of money as a reward to the first individual or company that comes up with a viable, environment-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Besides, apart from governments, very few people are financially sufficient to combat large-scale/disastrous environmental accidents, such as the oil spill at Mexican Gulf in 2011.

　　Even if governments launched seemingly protective measures, they would not make any difference until individual citizens were fully aware of the importance of environmental preservation and willing to make their share of contribution. Besides, the influence exerted by relatives or friends is far more effective than the effort made by the government.

　　2). Causes of environmental problems 导致环境问题的原因

　　Growing reliance on private cars will lead to an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels. As a result, there will be an increase in the emission of greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide. In other words, people’s unwillingness to sacrifice comfortable modern lives is one of the leading causes behind all the environmental problems.

　　2. 政府投资

　　1). Investment on art (subjects)政府在艺术方面投资

　　2). Investment on space exploration 政府在太空探索领域的投资

　　Enhancement of public facilities is closely related to people’s life quality. If bus and rail services were more reliable, commuters would spend much less time getting to and from work.

　　However, admitting the importance of public facilities is not the same as denying the importance of art development. In fact, art is much more tied to people’s everyday life than expected. Without art, people would have to wear the same clothes, live in the same buildings and watch monotonous movies. With governments financially supporting artists, they will be able to be less concerned about earning bread but pay more effort to create wonderful diversity in people’s lives.

　　3. 媒体

　　1). Effects of violence in TV or movies 电视电影中暴力情节的影响

　　A: Media violence is a natural way for people to release/combat stress, as they can have an escape from daily work and routine when immersed in the excitement of punching and fighting. In addition, children who are sheltered from violence don’t have that safe outlet and can have a harder time dealing with violent emotions as they get older.

　　B: Young viewers have an instinctive desire to copy behavior of people whom they admire. If they are excessively exposed to violent scenes, the possibility is relatively high that they take the use of violence for granted to solve problems.

　　2). Advantages and disadvantages of ads两方面讨论广告的利弊

　　A: Advertisements about new products keep customers informed about the new developments in the industry. They help to provide information of the newly launched products. Advertising is a complicated task and a lot of people are involved in the making of an advertisement. Research team, design team and many other people are required to make and deliver it. So, advertisements generate employment for a lot of people.

　　B: A certain proportion of advertisements lead people to impulsively buy something that they do not really need by inviting stars or exaggerating the effects of a product or service.

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（编辑：秦洁）