2005年6月,也就是10年前,苹果的创始人Steve Jobs在Stanford University毕业典礼的演讲里(commencement speech)呼吁学子们“Do what you love. Love what you do”。 但显然Do what you love要比Love what you do更容易一些,因为兴趣,就像你的恋人,一旦爱上,你会无悔的疯狂投入。你可以为了你喜欢的人,被太阳晒、被雨淋,被嫌弃,却依然如故地爱着Ta,但面对一个你不喜欢的人,花一点时间都会觉得多余!
不少打算出国的孩纸们,对英语并不感兴趣,但是我相信:你们对音乐music,电影movie,电脑游戏computer games,电子产品electronic devices,漫画cartoons……会有自己的热爱。如果我们不喜欢考试中的英文,那我们可不可以在生活中,试着用English去理解我们所喜欢的事物?
比如我,我就是一个资深篮球迷。喜欢NBA 10余年,恨自己生不逢时,错过“篮球之神-乔丹Jordan”的英雄时代,但还好有科比Kobe,艾佛森Iverson,诺维茨基Nowitzki,詹姆斯James的陪伴, 当然还有咱们中国的篮球megastar姚明。
著名的篮球评论员张卫平曾说:看球,就是看球星;没有球星,球就关注少了。
于我而言,有一个球员我“深深地暗恋了”近10年(比女票还久,嘿嘿),他就是来自洛杉矶快船队的克里斯·保罗Christ Paul。由于喜欢他,我会通过各种渠道去了解他。我每天关注他在NBA英文官网,Yahoo NBA网页,体育画报Sports Illustrated上的消息,这也直接影响了我大学毕业论文的题目选择:体育新闻的标题翻译。
克里斯保罗Christ Paul
2015年季后赛(playoff)的第一轮(the first round)才结束不久,其中最具看点的毫无疑问是“马刺VS快船”系列赛series,他们苦战七场,直到最后1秒靠着保罗的一记高难度的打板,战胜了马刺。NBA官网是这样描述的:It was his nine-foot bank with one second to go that turned a 109-109 tie into a ticket to Houston.
我仔细研究了NBA英文官网和Yahoo NBA当日的头版文章,2篇文章分别出自资深篮球编辑Scott Howard-Cooper(Clippers break through with franchise-changing victory) 和Marc J. Spears(Why Chris Paul was so emotional after knocking off Spurs with memorable one-legged shot)。
另外,我们也知道出国留学考试的评分标准都提到了“lexical resources”。
雅思写作7分对词汇的要求是uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation.
托福独立写作5分对词汇的要求是Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating appropriate word choice and idiomaticity.
而在写作中最容易体现自己lexical resources的方式,就是同义替换,即可以自如地使用多种表达方式阐述同一个含义。
在这儿举一个经典例子,美国总统Obama在2008年竞选获胜演讲的前三句话。
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
大家看到没,奥巴马使用doubt, wonder, question不同的三个词,来表示“怀疑”,而像这样重要场合的演讲稿是经过无数次修改、推敲、打磨后的结果,其选词的科学性肯定是无可挑剔的。
那我们来看看美国NBA的大咖编辑们写的2篇文章,有没有“同义替换”这个特点呢?
思考一:比赛结果, 快船击败了马刺。“击败”如何表达?
我整理了一下,有如下7种:
1. They beat Team Composur(镇静, 沉着), the defending champions.
2. The Spurs also beat Paul and the New Orleans Hornets in 2008.
3. But beating this opponent in this kind of series with this kind of Clippers history …
4. The Clippers advanced to the Western Conference semifinals because they beat, squeezed past and out-survived the Spurs in seven games.
5. San Antonio swept the Clippers in the second round of the playoffs in 2012.
6. Paul finally took down the reigning(上届) NBA champions
7. Why Chris Paul was so emotional after knocking off Spurs?
作者先后用“beat, squeeze,out-survive, sweep ,take down, knock off”表达击败这个含义。
另外,“击败”这个动作的发出者和承受者, 即句子的主语、宾语也先后用了不同的表达,这样句式就更丰富了。如The Spurs, the Clippers, Team Composure, the defending champions, the reigning NBA champions, San Antonio, Christ Paul, Paul, opponent ……
思考二:由于第七场比赛Game 7的观赏性非常好,有很多好的球员,奉献了不少好的投篮,特别好的战术,那么“好” 如何表达呢?
我整理了一下,有如下9种:
1. a classic first-round series
2. The Spurs have been the dominant NBA team.
3.”He's just a tough kid,” Rivers said. ”He's a street fighter.”
4. His biggest shot of the night was set up with 8.8 seconds left.
5. It felt a lot more valuable than an early-postseason win.
6. The Spurs wears a crown(王冠) with 55 wins in the regular season.
7. Those guys right there are legends, seriously from Pop to Tim to Tony to Manu.
8. a battle-tested core of Tim Duncan, Tony Parker and Manu Ginobili.
9. It was for the Clippers as well, easily deserving a place in the historical context of the franchise's entire West Coast era.
作者先后用“classic, dominant, tough, fighter, biggest, valuable, wear a crown, legend, a battle-tested core, historical”表达了好这个概念。
好了,这次就先从“同义替换”的角度来分析NBA的英语报道。
作者简介
耿红林,重庆新东方留学考试中心教师,主要教授词汇、语法、阅读、SAT、SSAT。毕业于四川外国语大学翻译专业,对词汇教学颇有心得,被学生亲切地称为“耳火老师”。授课逻辑清晰易懂、生动形象。
口头禅:词汇,我给你方法,你给我秒杀。
(编辑:Joe)
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