3. it is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute
中文译文:试图决定谁在冲突中是正确的通常很复杂。
结构分析:it 是形式主语,实际主语是不定式短语to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute,宾语从句who is right 是determine 的宾语。
4.although it is usually straight forward where rights are formalized in law,other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behavior,such as reciprocity,precedent,equality,and seniority
中文译文:虽然当对错在法律中被正式规定时,通常是很直截了当的,但其它的,但其它的对错采取的是非书面的、社会接受大行为标准,例如:互惠、先例、平等和资历。
结构分析:although 引导一个让步状语从句,注意本句的最后有一个such as,是例如的意思,后面的内容往往是举例说明,属于不重要的内容,可不作为阅读的重点,socially accepted 是standards of behavior 的前置定语。
5. research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life
中文译文:研究表明快乐和痛苦能够平等分担的家庭会受益。
结构分析:that there are benefits for families considering a change to fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life 是that 引导的同位语从句做 argument 的同位语。在同位语从句中, considering a change to fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life 是现在分词短语做families 的后置定语。